• br Acknowledgements We thank the support of the National

  2021-09-23

  

  Acknowledgements We thank the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) project 81501342 and support from the Disciplinary Group of Oncology and Immunology program of Xinxiang Medical University. Introduction First described as a new clinical entity in 1981, the Acqui

• Limited efforts were made to exploit the naturally

  2021-09-23

  

  Limited efforts were made to exploit the naturally-occurring antigen-specific Treg for ex vivo expansion. This study sets up a reproducible protocol for the expansion of insulin-specific Treg isolated from NOD mice. These Kif15-IN-1 exhibited higher suppressive capacity compared to the polyclonal Tr

• br Introduction Most organisms require glucose as a

  2021-09-23

  

  Introduction Most organisms require glucose as a key metabolite, and it is critical that mammalian cells regulate glucose levels properly to maintain bioenergetic homeostasis. The major transporters responsible for the uptake of glucose from systemic circulation into cells are the GLUTs, members

• Fig A demonstrates the body weight

  2021-09-23

  

  Fig. 2A demonstrates the body weight gain of the pregestational females. High-fat diet in wild-type mice increased body weight in 2 weeks and sustained this increase over 8 weeks. A similar effect was noted in glut3 mice in response to a high-fat diet. Fig. 2B depicts fat and muscle mass as assessed

• GDC0941 Methoxyflavone and methoxyflavanone Fig both act as

  2021-09-23

  

  6-Methoxyflavone and 6-methoxyflavanone (Fig. 2) both act as flumazenil-insensitive positive allosteric modulators of GABA responses at human recombinant α1β2γ2L and α2β2γ2L GABAA receptors. However, unlike 6-methoxyflavone, 6-methoxyflavanone was relatively inactive at α1β2 GABAA receptors. Both fl

• br Author Contributions br Acknowledgments We thank Hiroyuki

  2021-09-22

  

  Author Contributions Acknowledgments We thank Hiroyuki Miyoshi, Makoto Nakanishi, Yoshikazu Johmura, Yuki Okada, Yoshinori Makino, Takashi Sutani, and Katsuhiko Shirahige for kindly providing materials and technical information, Shiho Takahashi-Kariyazono for technical advice, and all members

• br Conclusions br Acknowledgement br Introduction The

  2021-09-22

  

  Conclusions Acknowledgement Introduction The macrophage is an important cell species that plays key roles in innate immune responses and inflammatory reactions through phagocytosis of foreign bodies and secretion of inflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)-1, tumor necrosis factor (T

• The first described synthetic FFA active agonist

  2021-09-22

  

  The first described synthetic FFA1 active agonist, GW9508 (4- [(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl]amino benzenepropanoic acid), was immediately shown to also activate FFA4, although with some 100-fold lower potency [38]. Therefore, in the initial absence of FFA4-selective synthetic agonist ligands, GW9508 was

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgment This work

  2021-09-22

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgment This work was supported by National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (No. 2013CB127305); The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 314020785); Hubei Provincial Creative Team Project of Agricultural Science and Technology (No. 2007-6

• The GLU Epac transgenic mouse enabled us to monitor cAMP

  2021-09-22

  

  The GLU-Epac transgenic mouse enabled us to monitor cAMP responses to GPR119 ligands in individual primary cultured L-cells. Not all L-cells were found to be responsive to AR231453, suggesting there may be a subpopulation of L-cells that do not express functional GPR119. There was a tendency for sma

• Acute effects of FZ were

  2021-09-22

  

  Acute effects of FZ were not altered in GluR-A−/− mice, thus providing a solid basis for comparing the effects of repeated drug administration. In addition, GluR-A subunit deficiency did not affect the basal behavior of saline-treated animals, despite the GluR-A−/− mice having been described as hype

• In this study we investigated the contribution of GCK

  2021-09-22

  

  In this study, we investigated the contribution of GCK, G6PC, and PCK expression to glycemia in diabetes. We examined liver tissue from 40 obese subjects: 12 had normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and 28 had type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods Results Discussion This study aimed to investig

• These findings raise the question of what mechanism of beta

  2021-09-22

  

  These findings raise the question of what mechanism of beta cell proliferation is induced by short-term HF diet feeding. Gene expression profiling of isolated islets from mice fed a HF diet for 1 week revealed that expression levels of downstream genes of Foxm1 were coordinately upregulated (Fig. 5)

• br Introduction The glucagon receptor GCGR is

  2021-09-22

  

  Introduction The glucagon receptor (GCGR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor expressed mainly in the liver and kidney. Upon glucagon binding, it activates the stimulatory G protein (Gs) and increases cAMP level, subsequently transducing glucagon signaling involved in glucose, amino acids and lipid m

• The caseins are a family of milk phosphoproteins

  2021-09-22

  

  The caseins are a family of milk phosphoproteins whose biological function is to provide supersaturating concentrations of calcium, phosphates, and essential GSK180 sale to the neonate (Vonderhaar and Ziska, 1989). α- and β-caseins, the most abundant of the milk caseins, are described as calcium se

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