• Several studies have shown that independently of body weight

  2020-06-10

  

  Several studies have shown that, independently of body-weight control, the central actions of leptin improve glycemic control in obese diabetic rat and mouse models [62]. For instance, restoration of OB-Rb expression in OB-Rb-deficient mice, and in particular in POMC neurons, was sufficient to norma

• br Activatable photoacoustic probes Photoacoustic PA imaging

  2020-06-10

  

  Activatable photoacoustic probes Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a recently developed technique [47]. The imaging approach uses probes that absorb a pulsed laser beam and convert light energy into acoustic signals. It combines the advantages of the high sensitivity offered by optical imaging and th

• Against this backdrop we set out

  2020-06-10

  

  Against this backdrop, we set out to identify synthetic and endogenous ligands that bind directly to and regulate the activity of Nurr1. Owing to the pivotal role Nurr1 plays in producing and processing dopamine, and the need for neurons to tightly regulate dopamine levels, we postulated that the re

• br Protein acetylation Several reports show that MTX

  2020-06-10

  

  Protein acetylation Several reports show that MTX is able to induce acetylation of histones and other proteins. Extensive studies have established that histone acetylation is primarily associated with gene activation. Acetylation occurs at lysine residues on the amino-terminal tail of the protein

• Dehydrogenation by a KSTD is

  2020-06-10

  

  — 1(2)-Dehydrogenation by a Δ1-KSTD is also a crucial step during Protease Inhibitor Cocktail (EDTA-Free, 200X in DMSO) degradation of the steroid core. Several Δ1-KSTDs were shown to be active under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions [27,29,47,50,66]. Furthermore, the last common intermediate

• br Acknowledgements These studies were supported

  2020-06-10

  

  Acknowledgements These studies were supported by a research grant from the NIH (R01 AR065594) to C. Putterman. Introduction Macrophages integrate and adapt to their locally encountered cytokine and chemokine milieu. In tumors characterized by an unresolving inflammation, the tumor cell-killin

• Previous studies found that depression

  2020-06-10

  

  Previous studies found that depression primarily results from impaired monoaminergic neurotransmission systems [1], [2]. The glutamatergic and GABAergic systems as well as several neuropeptide systems have also been the focus of pathophysiological studies on depression [1], [2]. Inflammatory cytokin

• prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor br Conclusion br Conflict of in

  2020-06-09

  

  Conclusion Conflict of interest Author contributions Acknowledgements Piyamas Kanokwongnuwut was supported by the Development and Promotion of Science and Technology Talent Project (DPST), Royal Thai Government Scholarship. Funding for the work was provided by the Attorney General’s Depa

• Sp family protein has been regarded as the

  2020-06-09

  

  Sp family protein has been regarded as the housekeeping gene and is ubiquitously expressed. Although Sp family expression is regulated with some stimuli [17], [20], the total Sp family protein levels are not changed in most cases, as observed in our present study (Fig. 4). Constitutive binding of th

• Two nutrient sensing pathways the cAMP protein kinase A

  2020-06-09

  

  Two nutrient-sensing pathways, the cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway and the target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) pathway, are implicated in Msn2/4 regulation. Under non-stress conditions, Msn2 localizes in the cytoplasm and is inactivated by both PKA-dependent phosphorylation of the nuclear loca

• br O GlcNAc transferase OGT

  2020-06-09

  

  O-GlcNAc transferase OGT belongs to the metal-independent GT-B superfamily of glycosyltransferases, which has been well-reviewed previously [14,15]. OGT is an essential gene encoded on the X-chromosome, and it has two main regions: a long N-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) region and a C-t

• Dorsomorphin On the opposite side sPLA X has also

  2020-06-09

  

  On the opposite side, sPLA2-X has also been implicated in the pathology of cancer [167,168]. Human sPLA2-X induces lipid droplet formation in Ras-driven MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer Dorsomorphin and promotes their survival during nutrient stress. It acts through the products of its enzy

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Endothelia

  2020-06-09

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Endothelial cells are crucial for both vascular homeostasis and protecting the vasculature against atherogenic insults [3]. OxLDL-mediated injury to endothelial cells is crucial for endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and a

• For statistical analysis the Statistical Package for

  2020-06-09

  

  For statistical analysis, the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used (version 21.0; SPSSInc., Chicago, IL). Chi-square (x2) exact test was used for the comparison of categorical data, whereas Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney U tests were used for the analysis of nonparametric variables bas

• An interesting observation pertinent to the immunology

  2020-06-09

  

  An interesting observation pertinent to the immunology of pregnancy comes from a study by Kruse et al., they found that recurrent miscarriage patients with higher serum progesterone levels had lower Th1/Th2 cytokine ratios suggesting that progesterone levels modulate cytokine production patterns. Pr

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